Cyperaceae

Leaf sheath closed or rarely open and then the perianth reduced to bristles or minute scales Cyperaceae

Flowers unisexual, female flowers enclosed in a flask-shaped utricle (Fig. 46 e,g) or in separate spikelets

Hooked bristle protruding from the utricle Uncinia

Bristle absent from female flower or short and not exserted Carex